[178][179], An equatorial climate characterizes much of northern Brazil. Fritz Mller: a naturalist in Brazil. WebBrazil (officially called Federative Republic of Brazil; how to say: IPA: ) is a country in South America.It is the world's fifth largest country. [433], Some aspects of Brazilian culture were influenced by the contributions of Italian, German and other European as well as Japanese, Jewish and Arab immigrants who arrived in large numbers in the South and Southeast of Brazil during the 19th and 20th centuries. With its unique cuisine, rich culture, some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, breathtaking waterfalls, and adventure for everyones liking, all you have to do is choose the perfect type of tourism for you and be amazed by the wonders of Brazil. Brazils response to the riots has been swift. [175] In the north, the Guiana Highlands form a major drainage divide, separating rivers that flow south into the Amazon Basin from rivers that empty into the Orinoco River system, in Venezuela, to the north. It has borders with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador. [468], The national beverage is coffee and cachaa is Brazil's native liquor. After rapid growth in preceding decades, the country entered an ongoing recession in 2014 amid a political corruption scandal and nationwide protests. 3. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 14.9% of all deaths in the country. [204] The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in government. Most of them are public. 3947, transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, expanded Brazil's original colonial frontiers, Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil, declaring the country's independence from Portugal, its participation in the battle of the Atlantic, independently in all three spheres of government, naval arms race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, largest producers of various agricultural commodities, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, So PauloGuarulhos International Airport, List of Brazilian states by population density, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Rio de Janeiro International Film Festivals, Concentration of media ownership Brazil, IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics). In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. [393], In recent decades, Protestantism, particularly in forms of Pentecostalism and Evangelicalism, has spread in Brazil, while the proportion of Catholics has dropped significantly. Its capital is Braslia, and its most populous city is So Paulo. [432] Among other influences, the Portuguese introduced the Portuguese language, Roman Catholicism and colonial architectural styles. [166] According to a 2018 poll, 62% of the population said that corruption was Brazil's biggest problem. [326], Brazil is the world's tenth largest energy consumer with much of its energy coming from renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol; the Itaipu Dam is the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation,[327] and the country has other large plants like Belo Monte and Tucuru. [331] The Brazilian regions are merely geographical, not political or administrative divisions, and they do not have any specific form of government. During the 1990s, Brazil saw a surge of critical and commercial success with films such as O Quatrilho (Fbio Barreto, 1995), O Que Isso, Companheiro? In 2021, the country closed the year as the 7th oil producer in the world, with an average of close to 3 million barrels per day, becoming an exporter of the product. [510] On 2 October 2009, Rio de Janeiro was selected to host the 2016 Olympic Games and 2016 Paralympic Games, making it the first South American city to host the games[511] and second in Latin America, after Mexico City. [188] The threat of extinction comes from several sources, including deforestation and poaching. A developing country, Brazil has a labor force of roughly 100 million,[261] which is the world's fifth-largest; with a high unemployment rate of 14.4% as of 2021[update]. [88], On 7 April 1831, worn down by years of administrative turmoil and political dissent with both liberal and conservative sides of politics, including an attempt of republican secession[89] and unreconciled to the way that absolutists in Portugal had given in the succession of King John VI, PedroI went to Portugal to reclaim his daughter's crown after abdicating the Brazilian throne in favor of his five-year-old son and heir (who thus became the Empire's second monarch, with the royal title of Dom PedroII). [385] In 2007, the National Indian Foundation estimated that Brazil has 67 different uncontacted tribes, up from their estimate of 40 in 2005. The highest point in Brazil is the Pico da Neblina at 2,994 meters (9,823ft), and the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean. [292][293] Micro and small businesses represent 30% of the country's GDP. "[38], In the Guaran language, an official language of Paraguay, Brazil is called "Pindorama". Levine, Robert M. "The history of Brazil" Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. 1999, p. 62, Triner, Gail D. "Banking and Economic Development: Brazil, 18891930" Palgrave 2000, pp. [243] It has built a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping missions such as in Haiti, East Timor and Central African Republic. Always in this period the comedy of costume and comic production was imposed. In 1994, Cardoso produced a highly successful Plano Real,[154] that, after decades of failed economic plans made by previous governments attempting to curb hyperinflation, finally stabilized the Brazilian economy. [451] Bossa nova is also a well-known style of Brazilian music developed and popularized in the 1950s and 1960s. Indeed, a Court of Law organized by the state can encompass many municipalities in a single justice administrative division called comarca (county). [483] Since then television has grown in the country, creating large commercial broadcast networks such as Globo, SBT, RecordTV, Bandeirantes and RedeTV. All police forces are the responsibility of the executive branch of any of the federal or state powers. 70, 79, 202, Minahan, James B. Human settlement in Brazil is thought to have begun at least 32,000 years ago. Extensive legal and illegal logging destroy forests the size of a small country per year, and with it a diverse series of species through habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. About five million people from over 60 countries migrated to Brazil between 1808 and 1972, most of them of Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arab origin. [350] The population is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1million inhabitants. [16] States have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Federal government. [144] Oppression was not limited to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society,[145][146] inside and outside the country through the infamous "Operation Condor". A proportional representation of Brazil exports, 2019, Meuwese, Mark "Brothers in Arms, Partners in Trade: Dutch-Indigenous Alliances in the Atlantic World, 15951674" Koninklijke Brill NV 2012, Metcalf, Alida C. "Go-betweens And the Colonization of Brazil: 15001600" University of Texas Press 2005, pp. [177][178], In 2020 the government of Brazil pledged to reduce its annual greenhouse gases emissions by 43% by 2030. Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world. Brazil defends life from its conception and strengthens family ties. The language must be taught as a part of the education and speech and language pathology curricula. [256] The high number of prisoners eventually overloaded the Brazilian prison system, leading to a shortfall of about 200,000 accommodations. The most prominent authors at this stage were Jorge Andrade and Ariano Suassuna. [281] In the food industry, Brazil was the second-largest exporter of processed foods in the world in 2019. [216] Nevertheless, the Supreme Federal Tribunal was the first court in the world to transmit its sessions on television, and also via YouTube. He became unpopular during his tenure through failure to control the economic crisis and hyperinflation he inherited from the military regime. [184], South of Bahia, near the coasts, and more southerly most of the state of So Paulo, the distribution of rainfall changes, with rain falling throughout the year. [295] Revenues from international tourists reached US$6 billion in 2010, showing a recovery from the 20082009 economic crisis. Cachaa is distilled from sugar cane and is the main ingredient in the national cocktail, Caipirinha.[469]. Do not travel to: Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazils land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to crime. In the commercial sector, for example, they represent 53% of the GDP within the activities of the sector. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. [249] In addition, Brazil already managed a peacekeeping mission in Haiti ($350million) and makes in-kind contributions to the World Food Programme ($300million). [456] Machado de Assis, one of his contemporaries, wrote in virtually all genres and continues to gain international prestige from critics worldwide. [241][242] The Brazilian military has also three times intervened militarily to overthrow the Brazilian government. The culture was, however, also strongly influenced by African, indigenous and non-Portuguese European cultures and traditions. [343] Coastal shipping links widely separated parts of the country. Why have so few heard of it? This was usually mixed with Brazilian influences from their own heritage which produced a unique form of Brazilian architecture. [499][500][501] The country has also produced significant achievements in other sports such as sailing, swimming, tennis, surfing, skateboarding, MMA, gymnastics, boxing, judo, athletics and table tennis. [85], The Brazilian War of Independence, which had already begun along this process, spread through the northern, northeastern regions and in Cisplatina province. [192][193], More than one-fifth of the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil has been completely destroyed, and more than 70 mammals are endangered. [455], Brazil produced significant works in Romanticism novelists like Joaquim Manuel de Macedo and Jos de Alencar wrote novels about love and pain. WebBrazil (officially called Federative Republic of Brazil; how to say: IPA: ) is a country in South America.It is the world's fifth largest country. The Atlantic slave trade was abandoned in 1850,[94] as a result of the British Aberdeen Act, but only in May 1888, after a long process of internal mobilization and debate for an ethical and legal dismantling of slavery in the country, was the institution formally abolished with the approval of the Golden Law. Government of Brazil. [403], The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and cancer (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Brazilian population. Brazil (officially called Federative Republic of Brazil; how to say: IPA: ) is a country in South America.It is the world's fifth largest country. [359], Race and ethnicity in Brazil[360][361][362], According to the National Research by Household Sample (PNAD) of 2008, 48.43% of the population (about 92 million) described themselves as White; 43.80% (about 83 million) as Pardo (brown), 6.84% (about 13 million) as Black; 0.58% (about 1.1million) as East Asian (officially called yellow or amarela); and 0.28% (about 536 thousand) as Amerindian (officially called indgena, Indigenous), while 0.07% (about 130 thousand) did not declare their race. [283] In the footwear industry, Brazil was the fourth-largest producer in 2019. [395], In October 2009, the Brazilian Senate approved and enacted by the President of Brazil in February 2010, an agreement with the Vatican, in which the Legal Statute of the Catholic Church in Brazil is recognized. Freedom of the press disappeared and elections were controlled by those in power. [82], Tensions between Portuguese and Brazilians increased and the Portuguese Cortes, guided by the new political regime imposed by the Liberal Revolution, tried to re-establish Brazil as a colony. [493], Upon the creation of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, new artistic movements spread across the country during the 19th century and later the event called Modern Art Week definitely broke with academic tradition in 1922 and started a nationalist trend which was influenced by modernist arts. Uma Sociologia do Doce, com Receitas de Bolos e Doces do Nordeste do Brasil. [220] The country was considered the 9th largest military power on the planet in 2021. [303] Brazil's most esteemed technological hubs are the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, the Butantan Institute, the Air Force's Aerospace Technical Center, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation and the National Institute for Space Research. Brazil faces [404], The Federal Constitution and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education determine that the Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities must manage and organize their respective education systems. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of population (208.8 million in 2018) and well as land area. WebBrazil. [177] In the interior northeast, seasonal rainfall is even more extreme. Read the entire Travel Advisory. [337] The total of paved roads increased from 35,496km (22,056mi) in 1967 to 215,000km (133,595mi) in 2018. Brazil faces the Atlantic Ocean [52] The Portuguese encountered indigenous peoples divided into several ethnic societies, most of whom spoke languages of the TupiGuaran family and fought among themselves. University of California Press. Most of Brazilian law is codified, although non-codified statutes also represent a substantial part, playing a complementary role. Marshall C. Eakin and Paulo Roberto de Almeida. [368][369] Brazil has the second largest Jewish community in Latin America making up 0.06% of its population. The statue now holds its place in history as one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World. [72][73] In this era other European powers tried to colonize parts of Brazil, in incursions that the Portuguese had to fight, notably the French in Rio during the 1560s, in Maranho during the 1610s, and the Dutch in Bahia and Pernambuco, during the DutchPortuguese War, after the end of Iberian Union. Local common fruits like aa, cupuau, mango, papaya, cocoa, cashew, guava, orange, lime, passionfruit, pineapple, and hog plum are turned in juices and used to make chocolates, ice pops and ice cream.[472]. Flag. The word "Brazil" likely comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. [197] The Amazon rainforest has been under direct threat of deforestation since the 1970s because of rapid economic and demographic expansion. Where is Brazil? 1. All members of the executive and legislative branches are directly elected. "Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels" Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois 1992, MacLachlan, Colin M. "A History of Modern Brazil: The Past Against the Future"; Scholarly Resources Inc. 2003 p. 3. [41][42] With its unique cuisine, rich culture, some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, breathtaking waterfalls, and adventure for everyones liking, all you have to do is choose the perfect type of tourism for you and be amazed by the wonders of Brazil. Ribeira Valley and the Atlantic Forest. [399] On the other hand, private healthcare systems play a complementary role. The earliest pottery ever found in the Western Hemisphere was excavated in the Amazon basin of Brazil and radiocarbon dated to 8,000 years ago (6000 BC). In the 1940s the annual population growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years[353] and to 72.6 years in 2007. [356], In 2008, the illiteracy rate was 11.48%[357] and among the youth (ages 1519) 1.74%. [164] The charges against her were fueled by political and economic crises along with evidence of involvement with politicians (from all the primary political parties) in several bribery and tax evasion schemes. [471] Popular snacks are pastel (a fried pastry); coxinha (a variation of chicken croquete); po de queijo (cheese bread and cassava flour / tapioca); pamonha (corn and milk paste); esfirra (a variation of Lebanese pastry); kibbeh (from Arabic cuisine); empanada (pastry) and empada, little salt pies filled with shrimps or heart of palm. [444] The major contribution of the African element was the rhythmic diversity and some dances and instruments that had a bigger role in the development of popular music and folk, flourishing especially in the twentieth century. [53] Though the first settlement was founded in 1532, colonization effectively began in 1534, when King JohnIII of Portugal divided the territory into the fifteen private and autonomous Captaincy Colonies of Brazil. WebBrazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. [175] The main upland area occupies most of the southern half of the country. (Note: This does not apply to the Foz do Iguacu National Park or Pantanal National Park.) [212] As of July2022[update], there have been 124 amendments. On January 1, 1502, the first official tourist arrived in Brazil. [200]:852 From 2003 to 2011, compared to all other countries in the world, Brazil had the "largest decline in annual forest loss", as indicated in the study using high-resolution satellite maps showing global forest cover changes,[200]:850 reversing widespread deforestation from the 1970s to 2003. Facts about Brazils history. [267] The large service sector accounts for about 72.7% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (20.7%), while the agriculture sector is by far the smallest, making up 6.6% of total GDP. [14] This unique environmental heritage positions Brazil at number one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss. [321], Brazilian science is represented by the likes of Csar Lattes (Brazilian physicist Pathfinder of Pi Meson),[322] Mrio Schenberg (considered the greatest theoretical physicist of Brazil),[323] Jos Leite Lopes (only Brazilian physicist holder of the UNESCO Science Prize),[324] Artur vila (the first Latin American winner of the Fields Medal)[325] and Fritz Mller (pioneer in factual support of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin). Home to 60% of the Amazon Rainforest, which accounts for approximately one-tenth of all Holds its place in history as one of the country autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes receive! 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